Friday, 31 October 2014

Types of Hackers.

Posted by: Jeet Patel

Here’s a great article for the computer lovers as well as the hacking lovers. This whole article will describe the types of Hackers. OK!!   So, hackers are classified in three types. They are:

1) White Hats
2) Black Hats
3) Grey Hats

White Hats:

White hats are the good guys. White hats are the hackers who hack into the systems that are secured but by taking permission by the authorized person of the company or the organization. You  all must have heard about the Penetration Test or so called Pen Test, those tests are done when the computerized ready after coding is done by the hackers just to test the systems security. Those hackers are appointed by the company itself for the Pen Test. White Hats never enter the secured systems without taking permissions from the authority. Ones the permission is granted, they will jump into it as they are the Good Hackers.

Black Hats:

Black Hats are the bad guys. They are also called the Crackers. There is a difference between Hackers and Crackers. Hacker means a person with a complete knowledge of the computers in detail (with respect to computers) but don’t have any wrong intension. Crackers or The Black Hats are one who gains unauthorized access to the systems. They break into the system and destroy it. When people hear the word HACKER, they create an image of a person in their mind and that is the Black Hats not the White Hats. They spread the malicious code into the working system and damage it or they get access to the database of the system that is not accessed by outsiders.

Grey Hats:

Gray hats are hackers who may work offensively or defensively, depending on the situation.
Igin hacking tools and technologies and are not malicious black hats. Gray hats are interested in hacker tools mostly from a curiosity
standpoint. They may want to highlight security problems in a system or educate victims
so they secure their systems properly. These hackers are doing their “victims” a favor. For
instance, if a weakness is discovered in a service offered by an investment bank, the hacker
is doing the bank a favor by giving the bank a chance to rectify the vulnerability.
From a more controversial point of view, some people consider the act of hacking itself
to be unethical, like breaking and entering. But the belief that “ethical” hacking excludes
destruction at least moderates the behavior of people who see themselves as “benign” hackers.
According to this view, it may be one of the highest forms of “hackerly” courtesy to
break into a system and then explain to the system operator exactly how it was done and
how the hole can be plugged; the hacker is acting as an unpaid—and unsolicited—tiger
team (a group that conducts security audits for hire). This approach has gotten many ethical
hackers in legal trouble. Make sure you know the law and your legal liabilities when
engaging in ethical hacking activity.
Many self-proclaimed ethical hackers are trying to break into the security field as consultants.
Most companies don’t look favorably on someone who appears on their doorstep
with confidential data and offers to “fix” the security holes “for a price.” Responses range
from “thank you for this information, we’ll fix the problem” to calling the police to arrest

the self-proclaimed ethical hacker

Saturday, 2 August 2014

Systems of Accounting

Posted by: Jeet Patel

Heyo guys, here comes an another blog that is not restated to out topic at all. COOL so here we go- 
Guys this blog is related to accounts management that can be done in the business I hope you all will be helpful by this blog. 

First of all you have to remember the golden rule for accounting : 

"Debit what comes in
            And 
                      Credit what goes out"

Below are the system for accounting : 

1. Waste Books 
2. Journals 
3. Subsidiary Books
4. Ledger 
5. Trial Accounts 
6. Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts 
7. Balance Sheets 

Let's see all of the above systems on details: 

1. Waste Books  :   In every business or firm there are transactions for many things. And during the business time any of the owner don't have free time to record the transaction systematically in the books of accounting. At that time they note the records for temporarily in a roughy book that book is called the Waste Book. In waste books  all the day to day transactions are written roughly. That saves the time while the business time. Waste books are not included in the books of accounting, they just give us an idea for entries in the books of accounting. 

2. Journals    :    Journals are the first step for accounting. It is the book of accounting. Here the transactions of the business are recorded. All the records are  recorded systematically in the Journal. The records which are recorded in the journals are the records which were written roughly in the waste book earlier. Transactions are recorded professionally, systematically and clearly. There are two effects of any effects of any transaction, namely Debit and Credit. This table includes five fields they are Date, Particulars, Ledger Folio, Debit and Credit. Debit and credits are incremented according to the given transactions. You need to total the amount in the Debit and Credit, if they comes same then it means that your entries are correct in Journal. 

3. Subsidiary Books     :       There are two types business - Large scale business and - Small scale business. In the small scale business the number of transactions are less. And in the large scale business the number of transactions are more compared to small scale business. (Note : the above statement is not applicable for all the cases) In the business where there are many transactions and are very difficult to record in the journals are written in Subsidiary Books. By the help of subsidiary Books it becomes easy for the accountant as well as the company to identify the transaction and to know the type of Transactions. In subsidiary books accounting system there are different books for every accounts. Each and every transactions are written in the respective account books. 

4. Ledger     :       Ledger includes all the accounts separately. Ledger are very much important to know whether how much money to bring to the next day to the business whether it's Debit or Credit brought forward. Ledger is written according to the entries in Journal entries. In Ledger all the accounts are included which are mentioned in Journal transaction. Ledger has two section -Debit and -Credit. Following are the fields that are included in both Debit and Credit section : 
- Date 
- Particulars 
- Journal Folio (JF)
- Amount 

5. Trial Account      :       Trial balance is not an account, it's a statement. Trial accounts shows you that all the transactions are correctly entered in the Journal as well as Ledger. There are fields like Date, Account Type, Debit and Credit. 

Trading and Profit and Loss Account     :      In this account all the transactions are recorded related to Trading. You can know all the Profits and Losses in the Trading and Profit and Loss Account. 

7. Balance Sheet    :     Balance sheet is the final sheet which gives you all the finalised data from all the accounts which you have prepared before like The Journals entries, The ledger entries and The Trading and Profit and Loss Account entries.